What Are Some Common Structural Models For Novels?
Narrative Structures for Novels
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The Three Act Structure
This particular narrative structure is widely popular and typically consists of three parts; the beginning (Setup) the middle (Confrontation) and the end (Resolution). Each act serves a purpose; establishing the setting and introducing the characters (Act 1) presenting and intensifying the conflict (Act 2) and ultimately resolving the story (Act 3). This model is often employed in genres like mystery, thriller and romance.
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The Hero's Journey (Monomyth)
Originating from Joseph Campbell's work "The Hero with a Thousand Faces" this model revolves around a protagonist who embarks on a journey from their world into a supernatural realm. Throughout this transformative adventure they encounter trials and obstacles before returning home changed or enlightened. This structure is frequently utilized in epics, adventures and fantasy novels.
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Fichtean Curve
Named after novelist John Fichte this structure suggests that a novel should begin directly with rising action, than exposition. It then proceeds to build tension through a series of crises until reaching its peak climax and eventual resolution.
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Starting the narrative "in media res"
This technique involves beginning the story, in the middle of an action packed scene and then providing background information through flashbacks or character dialogue. It's an approach to instantly engage readers.
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Using a framing device
In this structure the main storyline is surrounded by a narrative framework. This frame can take forms, such as a prologue and epilogue or a character recounting events from the past. This approach adds layers of meaning and complexity to the story.
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Nonlinear storytelling
Of following an order this approach embraces a more fragmented and disjointed narrative style. The story may jump back and forth in time or present perspectives out of sequence. Nonlinear narratives create intrigue and depth as readers piece together aspects of the story.
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Points of view (POV)
By incorporating viewpoints authors offer readers different angles on the story. Each chapter or section can be narrated from a character's perspective. Renowned authors, like George R.R. Martin utilize this structure to construct intricate worlds with interactions.
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The Snowflake Method
The Snowflake Method, developed by Randy Ingermanson is an approach that begins with a summary of the story and then expands into an outline, character descriptions and scenes. It serves as more of a planning technique, than a narrative structure but it provides guidance for the structural development of a novel.
It's important to remember that while these models offer a framework they are just starting points. Many novels. Adapt these structures to fit the needs of their stories. Writing a novel is a process that doesn't always adhere to models.
If you're looking for resources on this topic "The Hero with a Thousand Faces" by Joseph Campbell and "Story; Substance, Structure, Style and the Principles of Screenwriting" by Robert McKee can be helpful in understanding narrative structure for both screenwriting and novel writing. You can find information about the Snowflake Method itself, from Randy Ingermanson's website.
By utilizing these resources as guidance writers can gain insight into structural models and choose the one that aligns best with their novel's storyline and thematic objectives.
1 Other Answers To: "What Are Some Common Structural Models For Novels?"
Certainly! When authors create novels they often explore models to effectively shape their narratives. Here are some different approaches and techniques commonly employed in writing;
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The Seven Point Story Structure;
This model expands on the three act structure by incorporating turning points within those acts. The seven points typically include the hook, plot twist 1 moment 1 midpoint moment 2 plot twist 2 and resolution. It's a framework that helps writers maintain pacing and narrative tension.
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Dan Harmons Story Circle;
Inspired by Joseph Campbells Heros Journey Dan Harmon devised an eight point story circle to simplify the narrative process. The circle represents the protagonists journey divided into segments that mirror story beats; a character exists in a comfort zone desires something enters a situation adapts, to it achieves what they wanted but at a great cost or sacrifice then returns to their familiar situation having undergone significant change.
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The Five Act Structure;
Primarily utilized in playwriting but applicable, to novels this structure comprises exposition, rising action or development of events leading to climax or peak intensity of the story conflict/situation) climax (the highest point of tension) falling action (events following the climax that lead towards resolution) and denouement (the final outcome or resolution).Each act, in the story increases the stakes and complexity leading to a climax and resolving the journeys of the characters in the conclusion.
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Episodic Structure;
In a narrative the story is composed of a series of connected events or incidents each functioning as a mini story within the larger narrative. This structure, often employed by Charles Dickens allows for an exploration of characters and settings across a timeline.
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Circular Narrative;
This structure brings the story circle by starting and ending at the point or with a similar situation. The circular narrative can highlight themes of destiny the nature of life or unchanging societal or individual characteristics.
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Parallel Narrative;
Parallel narratives involve stories that resonate with each other. These stories may unfold in time periods, settings or with characters. They may intersect at moments. Remain separate while being connected thematically or emotionally.
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The Beat Sheet (Save the Cat! Writes a Novel);
Jessica Brody adapted Blake Snyders "Save the Cat!" screenwriting method, into a beat sheet specifically designed for novelists. It consists of 15 "beats" or plot points that create a flow of emotions, in the story pacing the narrative and mapping out character development.
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The Puzzle Structure;
Authors may choose to use a puzzle structure, where different pieces of the story are presented seemingly out of order. This structure requires engagement from the reader as they piece together the narrative creating an interactive reading experience.
Each narrative structure serves a purpose. Can influence how readers embark on their journey through the story. While certain genres may lean towards models the best structure, for a novel is one that authentically conveys its themes and maximizes emotional impact.